Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

Open a new, blank PowerPoint presentation, and on the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Slide Sorter, as shown in Figure 2-2. Although you might be used to looking at Slide Sorter view only occasionally, if ever, the rst trick of BBP is to always begin working in PowerPoint in this view. You ll do that starting in 6 after you nish writing the outline for your presentation. If you re wondering why it s so important to bump up the status of this little-used view to the most important way to look at your presentations, you need to step out of the PowerPoint mindset altogether for a bit and ask some uncommon questions rst.

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WordPlay.switch_pronouns('You are my robot')

It s easy to find an exception to these results though:

2

The name is still there! What I have done is give the object its own state. The state of an object is described by its attributes (like its name, for example). The methods of an object may change these attributes. So it s like lumping together a bunch of functions (the methods) and giving them access to some variables (the attributes) where they can keep values stored between function calls.

WordPlay.switch_pronouns("I gave you life")

When the you or I is the object of the sentence, rather than the subject, you becomes me and me becomes you, whereas I becomes you and you becomes I on the subject of the sentence. Without descending into complex processing of sentences to establish which reference is the subject and which reference is the object, we ll assume that every reference to you that s not at the start of a sentence is an object and should become me, and that if you is at the beginning of a sentence, you should assume it s the subject and use I instead. This new rule makes your method change slightly:

When you talk about PowerPoint, you ll usually discuss which size font to use, how to insert a video clip, and whether the background of a PowerPoint template should be blue or black. One thing you never hear is a conversation about any research related to PowerPoint presentations. Despite the widespread use and in uence of PowerPoint software in many professions, you would be hard pressed to nd research that demonstrates that the underlying theory, impact, or effectiveness of the conventional PowerPoint approach is better than any other approach. For example, you won t nd research indicating that presenting with bullet points on a PowerPoint slide is more effective than presenting without them, or studies showing that using a PowerPoint design template to make every slide background the same produces better learning than not using a design template, or a quantitative justi cation and rationale for commonly accepted PowerPoint design guidelines such as the 6-by-6 rule, which states that every slide should have six lines of text with six words per line. This lack of comparative studies on PowerPoint approaches has created a void in terms of researchbased guidelines on how best to use the software, and this void has been quickly lled

def self.switch_pronouns(text) text.gsub(/\b(I am|You are|I|You|Me|Your|My)\b/i) do |pronoun| case pronoun.downcase when "i" "you" when "you" "me"

But that s not all. In fact, you can access the attributes of an object from the outside, too: >>> c.name 'Sir Lancelot' >>> c.name = 'Sir Gumby' >>> c.getName() 'Sir Gumby' Some programmers are okay with this, but some (like the creators of SmallTalk, a language where attributes of an object are only accessible to the methods of the same object) feel that it breaks with the principle of encapsulation. They believe that the state of the object should be completely hidden (inaccessible) to the outside world. You might wonder why they take such an extreme stand. Isn t it enough that each object manages its own attributes Why should you hide them from the world After all, if you just used the name attribute directly in ClosedObject, you wouldn t have to make the setName and getName methods. The point is that other programmers may not know (and perhaps shouldn t know) what s going on inside your object. For example, ClosedObject may send an email to some administrator every time an object changes its name. This could be part of the setName method. But what happens when you set c.name directly Nothing. No email is sent. To avoid this sort of thing, you have private attributes, attributes that are not accessible outside the object but only through accessor methods such as getName and setName.